Which type of statistical analysis is used to make inferences from the sample to the population?

Inferential statistics is the correct choice because it specifically involves making generalizations or inferences about a larger population based on observations from a smaller, representative sample. This type of analysis allows researchers to draw conclusions beyond the data collected and to estimate population parameters, test hypotheses, and ultimately make predictions or decisions.

For instance, if a researcher surveys a sample of people regarding their spending habits, inferential statistics would enable them to make statements about the spending habits of the entire population, not just those surveyed. This typically involves determining levels of confidence in the results and calculating margins of error.

In contrast, descriptive statistics focus solely on summarizing and organizing data without making generalizations. While parametric and nonparametric statistics pertain to specific types of methods used within inferential statistics, the primary function of making inferences from a sample to the larger population is fundamentally an aspect of inferential statistics.