Which research method is primarily concerned with describing existing phenomena?

Descriptive research is the appropriate choice as it is specifically designed to provide a detailed account of the characteristics or features of a phenomenon. The primary goal of this method is to observe and document what is happening without manipulating any variables or attempting to create cause-and-effect relationships. It often employs various techniques, including observations, case studies, and surveys, to capture a comprehensive snapshot of the current state of affairs.

By focusing on what exists rather than hypothesizing about future outcomes or testing theories, descriptive research provides valuable insights that can inform further research or policy decisions. It serves as a foundational approach that helps researchers understand the landscape of the subject being studied, ultimately allowing for deeper analysis through other research methods if needed.