What type of research designs combine both quantitative and qualitative methods?

Mixed-method research designs are characterized by their integration of both quantitative and qualitative methods within a single study. This approach allows researchers to capitalize on the strengths of both types of data, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the research problem. By using quantitative methods—often involving statistical analysis—researchers can quantify variables and determine patterns. Meanwhile, qualitative methods enable them to explore deeper insights, experiences, and contextual factors that numbers alone may not illustrate.

This dual approach works harmoniously, where qualitative data can help explain the "why" behind quantitative results, and quantitative findings can inform the development of qualitative inquiries. Utilizing mixed methods can thus enrich the interpretation of findings and foster a more nuanced perspective on the research topic.

In contrast, action research focuses primarily on solving specific problems through a cyclical process of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting but does not inherently combine both quantitative and qualitative methods in the same structured way. Quasi-experimental and experimental designs are primarily quantitative in nature, emphasizing controlled conditions and statistical methodologies to assess cause and effect, without integrating qualitative insights. Therefore, the strength of mixed-method research designs lies in their ability to draw from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives, making them particularly valuable in complex research environments.