What type of research begins with established theory to explore relationships among its elements?

The type of research that begins with established theory to explore relationships among its elements is deductive research. This approach typically starts with a general theory or hypothesis and then tests this theory through specific observations or experiments. Deductive research seeks to determine whether the theory holds true in particular instances by analyzing empirical data.

This method is characterized by a logical progression where researchers derive specific predictions from broader theoretical frameworks. By engaging with existing theories, deductive research allows scholars to confirm, refute, or refine these theories based on the results obtained during the study. This contrasts with exploratory research, which is generally designed to gather preliminary data and generate hypotheses rather than test existing theories. Descriptive research focuses on providing a detailed account of a phenomenon without necessarily linking it to a theoretical framework, and comparative research emphasizes identifying differences and similarities between groups or variables rather than testing a theory. Thus, deductive research is uniquely suited for examining established relationships based on existing theoretical constructs.