What sampling method ensures all individuals in the population have an equal chance of being selected?

Random sampling is a method that guarantees every individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. This methodology is fundamental in research and program evaluation because it enhances the representativeness of the sample, minimizes selection bias, and allows for generalization of the results to the broader population. By randomly selecting participants, researchers can ensure that each member of the population has the same likelihood of inclusion, which helps to create a more accurate reflection of the overall characteristics of the population.

In contrast to random sampling, other methods such as systematic sampling involve selecting subjects at regular intervals from a randomly ordered list, which may inadvertently introduce a bias depending on the population structure. Quota sampling aims to ensure specific subgroups are represented but does not allow for every individual to have an equal chance of selection. Convenience sampling involves selecting individuals who are easiest to reach, which can lead to skewed results since it does not represent the full population adequately.